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By Douglas Niedt
Copyright Douglas Niedt, All Rights Reserved. This article may be reprinted, but please be
considerate and give credit to Douglas Niedt.
You are on DouglasNiedt.com
The standard classical guitar tremolo pattern is “pami”. But, this standard 4-note tremolo can
be played with any combination of fingers. Some players prefer “pima”. Both patterns are
shown in example #57:
As explained in Part 1, Ana Vidovic and I often use only three fingers (including the thumb).
Ana Vidovic uses “pmim”. I use “pimi”. Both patterns are shown in example #58:
Although the standard classical guitar tremolo consists of four notes, no law exists saying the
tremolo has to be four notes. It can be three notes as shown in example #59:
The tremolo pattern favored by flamenco guitarists is a quintuplet pattern that consists of five
notes and can be executed several different ways as shown in example #60:
Even a sextuplet six-note pattern is possible as shown in example #61:
I use a technique I call a double-string tremolo on some South American music and
arrangements of other music. Instead of the fingers plucking a single string, they play two
adjacent strings in one stroke. I use this technique in Jorge Morel’s arrangement of Fernando
Bustamente’s Misionera, shown in example #62:
“WILLIAM FODEN, WIZARD OF THE GUITAR”
A guitarist you may never have heard of describes a plethora of tremolo techniques in his
Grand Method for Guitar. William Foden (1860-1947), a native of my hometown, St. Louis,
was known as one of the greatest guitarists of his age, especially among American players.
He was known as the “wizard of the guitar” and famous for his brilliant technique. The capsule
biography at the end of his guitar method says, “the outstanding feature of his playing was his
unbelievable fast tremolo. Nothing like it had ever been heard before him. His technical agility
and skill was extraordinary.” As a side note, he was also the teacher of Walter Fritschy who
established the guitar program back in the early 1960’s at the Conservatory of Music and
Dance, University of Missouri-Kansas City where I now teach.
Foden describes the tremolo as “a more or less rapid repetition of the same note or chord,
and is performed on the guitar by various methods of right hand fingering.” He describes one-
finger, two-finger, three-finger, and four-finger tremolos. In his descriptions, the thumb is not
counted as a finger. And, the thumb may play a bass note before the first melody note as in
conventional tremolos or simultaneously with the first melody note. To the best of my
knowledge, several of these patterns are rarely used or heard today. Indeed, he tells us “The
various styles of the tremolo for guitar, has never before been fully explained…” Let’s have a
look.
William Foden’s One-Finger Tremolo
One-Finger Tremolo Method #1
What Foden calls the “regular one-finger style of tremolo” is exclusively a finger action,
swinging the finger rapidly back and forth across the string with down and upstrokes. Foden
says the action is done mainly from the “second joint” or middle joint.
He says the “m” finger is more frequently used but that a guitarist should be able to use the “i”
finger just as easily. He says one should be able to change from one finger to the other
“without the least inconvenience.” This is especially important he says, because a finger can
become strained or tense when using this technique in an extended passage. When one
finger becomes tired, switch to the other. He also changes fingers when the music changes
from one string to another. Foden demonstrates the use of the one-finger tremolo in his
Melody as shown in example #63:
Note the shorthand method Foden uses to notate the rhythmic value of the tremolo. This type
of notation translates as shown in example #64:
Depending on the style of the piece and tempo, sometimes it isn’t important to count a specific
number of finger strokes. Foden says, “the tremolo must be executed rapidly; yet, in keeping
with each particular style, and also with the character of the composition. The number of
strokes to be played, are not always indicated; but if the time is accurately counted, the
strokes will take care of themselves.”
Interestingly, Foden uses the plectrum style (pick style) of notation to indicate the direction of
the finger strokes in his introductory exercises for this technique. Always start with a normal
stroke. In other words, you play the first string and follow through towards the second string.
Foden indicates this with a “V”. Then, the finger restrikes the first string with the back of the
fingernail. Foden indicates this with a “П”. Another way of thinking of it is that a normal free
stroke with a finger is done in the same direction as an upstroke with a pick which is notated
with a “V”. The finger stroke with the back of the fingernail is done in the same direction as a
downstroke with a pick which is notated with a “П”. See example #65:
Not only single notes, but intervals and chords may also be tremoloed with this method as
shown in example #66:
One-Finger Tremolo Method #2
The other form of the one-finger tremolo is to place the thumb across the tip segment of the
index finger (as a support). Strike the strings down and up with the index finger using a loose
wrist/ forearm rotation. In other words, use the index finger just like a pick.
The notation for the plectrum style of tremolo is identical to that of the regular one-finger
tremolo. Foden states that his compositions always indicate the style by fingerings and/or the
style name.
William Foden’s Double Tremolo
This tremolo is executed by striking two non-adjacent strings simultaneously with “i” and “m”.
The strokes are done with the same technique as the regular one-finger tremolo. I find this
very tricky to do.
A double tremolo from Foden’s Grand Method for Guitar is shown in example #67:
William Foden’s Two-Finger Tremolo
The two-finger tremolo begins with the thumb playing a bass note, then “im”, “ia”, or “ma”
(rare). Either finger in each pair may be used first. Example #68 shows many possibilities:
Foden expands the concept of the tremolo to include patterns where the thumb plays its bass
note simultaneously with the first melody note as shown in example #69:
In a traditional tremolo pattern such as “pami”, the melody is somewhat interrupted by the
stroke of the thumb alone. In other words it rings, but it is not re-struck each time the thumb
plays. Foden seems to favor patterns where the thumb plays simultaneously with a finger,
producing a truly continuous tremolo melody above the thumb accompaniment.
William Foden’s Three-Finger Tremolo
Foden’s three-finger tremolo patterns include the traditional “pami” or “pima” patterns. He also
includes this pattern in example #70:
Foden says, “This manner of fingering is especially desirable for rapid and even tremoloing. It
is not easy and will require much practice before it can be brought under absolute command.”
MORE TECHNIQUES
Four-Finger Tremolo (plus thumb)
One of my readers told me he has been experimenting with using the little finger (“c”) in his
tremolo patterns as shown in example #71:
This is yet another way to try to achieve a truly continuous tremolo melody.
Chordal Tremolo
Laurindo Almeida uses a chordal tremolo in his arrangement of The Sound of Music by
Richard Rodgers (example #72):
Note that Almeida’s notation uses the 32nd-note shorthand symbol on all note heads
regardless of the underlying note values. Foden takes the underlying note value into account
when determining how many shorthand beams to add to the stem. In other words, if the
repeated notes are supposed to be 32nd-notes, if the underlying note value is an eighth-note,
Foden only adds two shorthand beams to the stem rather than three. As shown in example
#73, Foden would have notated the first measure as:
He says the chordal tremolo “is played by quickly brushing back and forth across the strings
(using your “i” finger or your thumb).” This is done with all flesh, no fingernail.
SUMMARY
And you thought tremolo was just “pami”! As you see, many finger patterns and note
combinations can be used to create a tremolo effect. Are they all used frequently? No. Are
they something you should spend a lot of time trying to master? Probably not. Many are just
not very practical. But, if you are looking for a certain special effect, or looking for a novel way
to execute fast repeated notes, one of these techniques may be what you are looking for. You
too, can be a guitar wizard.
Copyright Douglas Niedt, All Rights Reserved. This article may be reprinted, but please be
considerate and give credit to Douglas Niedt.
You are on DouglasNiedt.com
The standard classical guitar tremolo pattern is “pami”. But, this standard 4-note tremolo can
be played with any combination of fingers. Some players prefer “pima”. Both patterns are
shown in example #57:
As explained in Part 1, Ana Vidovic and I often use only three fingers (including the thumb).
Ana Vidovic uses “pmim”. I use “pimi”. Both patterns are shown in example #58:
Although the standard classical guitar tremolo consists of four notes, no law exists saying the
tremolo has to be four notes. It can be three notes as shown in example #59:
The tremolo pattern favored by flamenco guitarists is a quintuplet pattern that consists of five
notes and can be executed several different ways as shown in example #60:
Even a sextuplet six-note pattern is possible as shown in example #61:
I use a technique I call a double-string tremolo on some South American music and
arrangements of other music. Instead of the fingers plucking a single string, they play two
adjacent strings in one stroke. I use this technique in Jorge Morel’s arrangement of Fernando
Bustamente’s Misionera, shown in example #62:
“WILLIAM FODEN, WIZARD OF THE GUITAR”
A guitarist you may never have heard of describes a plethora of tremolo techniques in his
Grand Method for Guitar. William Foden (1860-1947), a native of my hometown, St. Louis,
was known as one of the greatest guitarists of his age, especially among American players.
He was known as the “wizard of the guitar” and famous for his brilliant technique. The capsule
biography at the end of his guitar method says, “the outstanding feature of his playing was his
unbelievable fast tremolo. Nothing like it had ever been heard before him. His technical agility
and skill was extraordinary.” As a side note, he was also the teacher of Walter Fritschy who
established the guitar program back in the early 1960’s at the Conservatory of Music and
Dance, University of Missouri-Kansas City where I now teach.
Foden describes the tremolo as “a more or less rapid repetition of the same note or chord,
and is performed on the guitar by various methods of right hand fingering.” He describes one-
finger, two-finger, three-finger, and four-finger tremolos. In his descriptions, the thumb is not
counted as a finger. And, the thumb may play a bass note before the first melody note as in
conventional tremolos or simultaneously with the first melody note. To the best of my
knowledge, several of these patterns are rarely used or heard today. Indeed, he tells us “The
various styles of the tremolo for guitar, has never before been fully explained…” Let’s have a
look.
William Foden’s One-Finger Tremolo
One-Finger Tremolo Method #1
What Foden calls the “regular one-finger style of tremolo” is exclusively a finger action,
swinging the finger rapidly back and forth across the string with down and upstrokes. Foden
says the action is done mainly from the “second joint” or middle joint.
He says the “m” finger is more frequently used but that a guitarist should be able to use the “i”
finger just as easily. He says one should be able to change from one finger to the other
“without the least inconvenience.” This is especially important he says, because a finger can
become strained or tense when using this technique in an extended passage. When one
finger becomes tired, switch to the other. He also changes fingers when the music changes
from one string to another. Foden demonstrates the use of the one-finger tremolo in his
Melody as shown in example #63:
Note the shorthand method Foden uses to notate the rhythmic value of the tremolo. This type
of notation translates as shown in example #64:
Depending on the style of the piece and tempo, sometimes it isn’t important to count a specific
number of finger strokes. Foden says, “the tremolo must be executed rapidly; yet, in keeping
with each particular style, and also with the character of the composition. The number of
strokes to be played, are not always indicated; but if the time is accurately counted, the
strokes will take care of themselves.”
Interestingly, Foden uses the plectrum style (pick style) of notation to indicate the direction of
the finger strokes in his introductory exercises for this technique. Always start with a normal
stroke. In other words, you play the first string and follow through towards the second string.
Foden indicates this with a “V”. Then, the finger restrikes the first string with the back of the
fingernail. Foden indicates this with a “П”. Another way of thinking of it is that a normal free
stroke with a finger is done in the same direction as an upstroke with a pick which is notated
with a “V”. The finger stroke with the back of the fingernail is done in the same direction as a
downstroke with a pick which is notated with a “П”. See example #65:
Not only single notes, but intervals and chords may also be tremoloed with this method as
shown in example #66:
One-Finger Tremolo Method #2
The other form of the one-finger tremolo is to place the thumb across the tip segment of the
index finger (as a support). Strike the strings down and up with the index finger using a loose
wrist/ forearm rotation. In other words, use the index finger just like a pick.
The notation for the plectrum style of tremolo is identical to that of the regular one-finger
tremolo. Foden states that his compositions always indicate the style by fingerings and/or the
style name.
William Foden’s Double Tremolo
This tremolo is executed by striking two non-adjacent strings simultaneously with “i” and “m”.
The strokes are done with the same technique as the regular one-finger tremolo. I find this
very tricky to do.
A double tremolo from Foden’s Grand Method for Guitar is shown in example #67:
William Foden’s Two-Finger Tremolo
The two-finger tremolo begins with the thumb playing a bass note, then “im”, “ia”, or “ma”
(rare). Either finger in each pair may be used first. Example #68 shows many possibilities:
Foden expands the concept of the tremolo to include patterns where the thumb plays its bass
note simultaneously with the first melody note as shown in example #69:
In a traditional tremolo pattern such as “pami”, the melody is somewhat interrupted by the
stroke of the thumb alone. In other words it rings, but it is not re-struck each time the thumb
plays. Foden seems to favor patterns where the thumb plays simultaneously with a finger,
producing a truly continuous tremolo melody above the thumb accompaniment.
William Foden’s Three-Finger Tremolo
Foden’s three-finger tremolo patterns include the traditional “pami” or “pima” patterns. He also
includes this pattern in example #70:
Foden says, “This manner of fingering is especially desirable for rapid and even tremoloing. It
is not easy and will require much practice before it can be brought under absolute command.”
MORE TECHNIQUES
Four-Finger Tremolo (plus thumb)
One of my readers told me he has been experimenting with using the little finger (“c”) in his
tremolo patterns as shown in example #71:
This is yet another way to try to achieve a truly continuous tremolo melody.
Chordal Tremolo
Laurindo Almeida uses a chordal tremolo in his arrangement of The Sound of Music by
Richard Rodgers (example #72):
Note that Almeida’s notation uses the 32nd-note shorthand symbol on all note heads
regardless of the underlying note values. Foden takes the underlying note value into account
when determining how many shorthand beams to add to the stem. In other words, if the
repeated notes are supposed to be 32nd-notes, if the underlying note value is an eighth-note,
Foden only adds two shorthand beams to the stem rather than three. As shown in example
#73, Foden would have notated the first measure as:
He says the chordal tremolo “is played by quickly brushing back and forth across the strings
(using your “i” finger or your thumb).” This is done with all flesh, no fingernail.
SUMMARY
And you thought tremolo was just “pami”! As you see, many finger patterns and note
combinations can be used to create a tremolo effect. Are they all used frequently? No. Are
they something you should spend a lot of time trying to master? Probably not. Many are just
not very practical. But, if you are looking for a certain special effect, or looking for a novel way
to execute fast repeated notes, one of these techniques may be what you are looking for. You
too, can be a guitar wizard.
HOW TO MASTER THE TREMOLO PART 4:
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when reading on the screen. Plus, the videos are embedded so they play quickly.
Click on the link and SAVE THE PDF to your computer BEFORE playing the then,
it's yours! Also, be sure you have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed on your
computer or the videos will not play.
We have a Printer Friendlier (PDF) version of this article that's also easier on the eyes
when reading on the screen. Plus, the videos are embedded so they play quickly.
Click on the link and SAVE THE PDF to your computer BEFORE playing the then,
it's yours! Also, be sure you have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed on your
computer or the videos will not play.
when reading on the screen. Plus, the videos are embedded so they play quickly.
Click on the link and SAVE THE PDF to your computer BEFORE playing the then,
it's yours! Also, be sure you have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed on your
computer or the videos will not play.
We have a Printer Friendlier (PDF) version of this article that's also easier on the eyes
when reading on the screen. Plus, the videos are embedded so they play quickly.
Click on the link and SAVE THE PDF to your computer BEFORE playing the then,
it's yours! Also, be sure you have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed on your
computer or the videos will not play.
when reading on the screen. Plus, the videos are embedded so they play quickly.
Click on the link and SAVE THE PDF to your computer BEFORE playing the then,
it's yours! Also, be sure you have the latest version of Adobe Reader installed on your
computer or the videos will not play.
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Doug's Guitar Technique Tip of the Month will be sent to you monthly. These are the best on the
Internet. No one else's technique articles and videos even come close. Most of the written tips run
over 20 pages. Most of the videos run from 15-30 minutes. The tips are thorough and the
production is excellent. Check out the free tips in Doug's Vault for a sampling.
A one-year subscription (12 tips) is only $24. That is only $2 per tip.
Be a better guitar player or teacher. SUBSCRIBE NOW!
Purchase a ONE-YEAR SUBSCRIPTION to:
DOUGLAS NIEDT'S GUITAR TECHNIQUE TIP OF THE MONTH
Doug's Guitar Technique Tip of the Month will be sent to you monthly. These are the best on the
Internet. No one else's technique articles and videos even come close. Most of the written tips run
over 20 pages. Most of the videos run from 15-30 minutes. The tips are thorough and the
production is excellent. Check out the free tips in Doug's Vault for a sampling.
A one-year subscription (12 tips) is only $24. That is only $2 per tip.
Purchase a ONE-YEAR SUBSCRIPTION to:
DOUGLAS NIEDT'S GUITAR TECHNIQUE TIP OF THE MONTH
Doug's Guitar Technique Tip of the Month will be sent to you monthly. These are the best on the
Internet. No one else's technique articles and videos even come close. Most of the written tips run
over 20 pages. Most of the videos run from 15-30 minutes. The tips are thorough and the
production is excellent. Check out the free tips in Doug's Vault for a sampling.
A one-year subscription (12 tips) is only $24. That is only $2 per tip.